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Resumo: Nesta apresentação, discutiremos os resultados de uma busca por objetos no sistema solar distante realizada com o Dark Energy Survey (DES). Esta busca levou à identificação de mais de 800 objetos, sendo 600 deles novos, incluindo C/2014 UN271 (Bernardinelli-Bernstein), o maior e mais distante cometa originário da Nuvem de Oort já identificado. Apresentaremos o processo de descoberta desses objetos que, dada a estratégia observacional do DES, foi uma tarefa com uma exigência computacional extrema, necessitando de 15 a 20 milhões de horas de CPU. Também caracterizaremos o cometa B-B, detalhando os argumentos observacionais que indicam seu tamanho incomum, além de sua história dinâmica e propriedades de sua superfície, comparando-o a outros cometas distantes. Por fim, discutiremos também como os objetos descobertos pelo DES se encaixam na história dinâmica da formação dos planetas gigantes e enfraquecem a hipótese da existência de um nono planeta ainda não descoberto no Sistema Solar.

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Resumo: The theoretical precision of many crucial observables in the Standard Model is nowadays limited by our knowledge of QCD parameters. This is the case, for example, in Higgs physics. Determining the strong coupling and quark masses with smaller uncertainties is therefore a fundamental task in order to match the reduced errors expected on the experimental side with the advent of future facilities, such as the FCC-ee and HL-LHC. Obtaining the QCD parameters is not a straightforward task, since they are not physical
observables, as they depend on renormalization conventions: theory input is as important as experimental data. I will discuss recent developments in the precise determination of the strong coupling and heavy-quark masses, with emphasis on taming the intrinsic error associated with the truncation of the perturbative series in QCD and its interplay with non-perturbative physics.

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Resumo: Many simple nonlinear deterministic systems can behave in an apparently unpredictable and chaotic manner. This realisation has broad implications for many fields of science. Some basic concepts and properties in the field of chaotic dynamics of dissipative systems will be reviewed in this talk. I will use some of these properties in application topics, including the control of chaos in the heart and in the brain. I will then go a step further by arguing that a complex system are made up of many states that are interrelated in a complicated manner. The ability of a complex system to access those different states, combined with its sensitivity, offers great flexibility in manipulating the system’s dynamics to select a desired behaviour. Another important issue is the question of mathematical modelling of chaotic and complex systems, including complex networks. Mathematical modellers of such systems need to understand and take seriously the question of their own limitations.

Controlling complexity, L. Poon and C. Grebogi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 4023 (1995).
Controlling Chaotic Dynamical Systems, C. Grebogi and Y. C. Lai, Systems Control Lett. 31, 307 (1997).
Data Based Identification and Prediction of Nonlinear and Complex Dynamical Systems, W.-X. Wang, Y.-C. Lai, and C. Grebogi, Phys. Reports. 644, 1-76 (2016).
Relativistic Quantum Chaos, L. Huang, H.-Y. Xu, C. Grebogi, and Y.-C. Lai, Phys. Reports 753 1-128 (2018).
Sudden Regime Shifts After Apparent Stasis, C. Grebogi, Phys. of Life Reviews 32, 41-43 (2020).
Tipping Point and Noise-induced Transients in Ecological Networks, Y. Meng, Y.-C. Lai, and C. Grebogi, J. Royal Soc. Interface 17, 20200645 (2020).
Machine Learning Prediction of Critical Transition and System Collapse, L.-W.Long, H. Fan, C. Grebogi, and Y.-C. Lai, Phys. Rev. Research 3, 013090(1-14)
(2021).

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Resumo: A well-known property of aromatic molecules is their highly anisotropic response to an external magnetic field. This intriguing phenomenon is rationalized as a consequence of the delocalization of the itinerant electrons that populate the aromatic ring.

In this presentation, we revisit the magnetism of aromatic molecules through the study of simple Hubbard – rings, and argue that if the itinerant electrons are described by an extended Hubbard Hamiltonian with an effective momentum – momentum interaction between them, a large enhancement of the molecule diamagnetic response takes place.

We show that the presence of this new term is due to the reincorporation of part of the effects of the localized bonding electrons on the dynamics of their itinerant counterparts in Hubbard – like Hamiltonians. Going beyond the adiabatic approximation, we show that the net effect of virtual transitions of bonding electrons between their ground and excited states is to furnish the itinerant electrons with an effective interelectronic momentum – momentum interaction.

Although we have applied these ideas to the specific case of rings, our assumptions can be generalized to higher-dimensional systems sharing the required properties of which we have made use herein.