Studies in quantum magnetics at low temperatures and high magnetic fields that defy classical description
Bose-Einstein condensation occurs when a system of quantum-mechanical particles with integer spin or angular momentum is cooled to its ground state and forms a coherent state of identical particles. The Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) occurs in systems that satisfy two requirements: bosonic behavior and number conservation. It is this second requirement that limits the prevalence of BEC systems in nature. BECs were first identified in dilute collections of laser-cooled cold atoms in 1995, leading to the Nobel Prize.