Measuring the tunneling time, and other problems in quantum archaeology

Data de Início: 
quinta-feira, 27 Agosto, 2020 - 16:00
Palestrante: 
Prof. Dr. Aephraim Steinberg - University of Toronto
Local: 
Videoconferência

Abstract: One of the most famous tidbits of received wisdom about quantum mechanics is that “you can’t ask” which path a photon took in an interferometer once it reaches the screen, or in general, that only questions about the specific things you finally measure are well-posed at all.  Much work over the past decades has aimed to chip away at this blanket renunciation, and investigate “quantum retrodiction.”  Particularly in light of modern experiments in which we can trap and control individual quantum systems for an extended time, and quantum information protocols which rely on “postselection,” these become more and more timely issues.

All the same, the first experiment I wish to tell you about addresses a century-old controversy: that of the tunneling time.  Since the 1930s, and more heatedly since the 1980s, the question of how long a particle spends in a classically forbidden region on those occasions when quantum uncertainty permits it to appear on the far side has been a subject of debate.  Using Bose-condensed Rubidium atoms cooled down below a billionth of a degree above absolute zero, we have now measured just how long they spend inside an optical beam which acts as a “tunnel barrier” for them.  I will describe these ongoing experiments, as well as proposals we are now refining to study exactly how long it would take to “collapse” an atom to be in the barrier. 

I will also describe a more recent experiment, which looks back at the common picture that when light slows down in glass, or a cloud of atoms, it is because the photons “get virtually absorbed” before being sent back along their way.  It turns out that although it is possible to measure “the average time a photon spends as an atomic excitation,” there seems to be no prior work which directly addresses this, especially in the resonant situation.  We carry out an experiment that lets us distinguish between the time spent by transmitted photons and by photons which are eventually absorbed, asking the question “how much time are atoms caused to spend in the excited state by photons which are not absorbed?”

Brief CV: B.S., Yale University (1988); Research Assistant, LKB (then LSH), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris (1989); Ph.D., U.C. Berkeley (1994); Chateaubriand Fellow, LKB, Université de Paris VI (1994); NRC Fellow, National Institute of Standards and Technology (1995-96); Asst. Prof., University of Toronto (1996-2001); APS Doctoral Thesis Prize for AMO Physics, 1996; Polanyi Prize, 1997; PREA award, 1999; Assoc. Prof., U of T (2001-2005); Gastprofessor, Univ. of Vienna (Fall 2003); Chercheur invité, Institut d'Optique, Orsay (Spring 2004); Senior Fellow, CIFAR (2004-); Full Prof., University of Toronto (2005-); CAP Herzberg Medal, 2006; RSC Rutherford Medal, 2006; McLean Fellow, 2007; Steacie Fellow, 2007; Fellow of the Optical Society of America, the American Physical Society, and the Institute of Physics (UK); Visiting Scholar, Univ. of Queensland (Nov 2008 - Feb 2009); JSPS Fellow and Visiting Professor (Hokkaido University), March - June 2011; Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada (2016); Visiting professor, Laboratoire Kastler-Brossel, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Collège de France, Institut d'Optique, March - June 2018; Co-Director, CIFAR programme in Quantum Information Science (2017-); Visiting professor, Sapienza Università di Roma (Sep 2019 - Dec 2019).


Palavras-chaves: Time in quantum mechanics; Quantum tunneling; Quantum retrodiction. 

 

 

Desenvolvido por IFUSP